CCR-Christiansburg-to-Elliston-2016.pdf2016
This report is designed to
inform you about your
drinking water quality. Our
goal is to provide a safe and
dependable supply of drink-
ing water. We want you to
understand the efforts we
make to protect your water
supply. The quality of your
drinking water must meet
state and federal require-
ments administered by the
Virginia Department of
Health (VDH).
The Montgomery County
Public Service Authority
(PSA) operates nine
individual public water miles
systems in the unincorpo-
rated areas of the County.
Combined, these systems
consist of almost 100 miles
of water mains, four wells,
16 water tanks, 22 pumps,
24 pressure reducing
valves, seven connections
to the NRV Regional Water
Authority, and two con-
nections to the City of
Radford, Approximately
25.5 million gallons of
water are distributed by the
PSA monthly.
If you have questions
about this report, please
contact:
on the second floor in the
Montgomery County
Government Center, 755
Roanoke Street in
Christiansburg.
Our goal is to provide a
safe and dependable
supply of drinking
water. We want you to
understand the efforts
we make to protect
your water supply.
Don Todora
PSA Operations Specialist
(540) 381-1997
For additional information
about any aspect of your
drinking water or to learn
how to participate in
decisions that may affect
the quality of your drinking
water, please contact:
Bob Fronk
PSA Director
(540) 381-1997
PSA board meetings are
held at 7:00 p.m. on the first
Monday of each month in
the multipurpose room # 2
Introduction
This and other important information are available on the PSA website: MontVA.com/psa
Consumer Confidence Report
Christiansburg to Elliston
Montgomery County
Public Service Authority
Water Systems
THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY PUBLIC SERVICE
AUTHORITY IS PLEASED TO REPORT THAT
YOUR DRINKING WATER IS SAFE AND MEETS
OR EXCEEDS ALL VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND UNITED STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
STANDARDS.
Drinking water, including bottled
drinking water, may reasonably be
expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants. The
presence of contaminants does not
necessarily indicate that water poses
a health risk. Some people may be
more vulnerable to contaminants in
drinking water than the general pop-
ulation. Immuno-compromised per-
sons such as persons with cancer
undergoing chemotherapy, persons
who have undergone organ trans-
plants, people with HIV/AIDS or oth-
er immune system disorders, some
elderly, and infants can be particular-
ly at risk from infections. These peo-
ple should seek advice about drink-
ing water from their health care pro-
viders. USEPA/CDC guidelines on
appropriate means to lessen the risk
of infection by cryptosporidium and
other microbiological contaminants
along with additional information
can be obtained by calling the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency’s Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-
4791) or by visiting their website
(www.epa.gov/safewater).
The sources of drinking water (both
tap water and bottled water) include
rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reser-
voirs, springs, and wells. As water
travels over the surface of the land or
through the ground, it dissolves natu-
rally-occurring minerals and, in some
cases, radioactive material, and can
pick up substances resulting from the
presence of animals or from human
activity. Contaminants that may be
present in source water include:
(1) Microbial contaminants, such as
viruses and bacteria, which may
come from sewage treatment
plants, septic systems, agricultural
livestock operations, and wildlife.
(2) Inorganic contaminants, such as
salts and metals, which can be
naturally-occurring or result from
urban stormwater runoff, indus-
trial or domestic wastewater
discharges, oil and gas produc-
tion, mining, or farming.
(3) Pesticides and herbicides, which
may come from a variety of
sources such as agriculture, ur-
ban storm water runoff, and
residential uses.
(4) Organic chemical contaminants,
including synthetic and volatile
organic chemicals, which are
byproducts of industrial process-
es and petroleum production,
and can also come from gas sta-
tions, urban stormwater runoff,
and septic systems.
(5) Radioactive contaminants, which
can be naturally-occurring or be
the result of oil and gas produc-
tion and mining activities.
In order to ensure that tap water is
safe to drink, the USEPA prescribes
regulations which limit the amount of
certain contaminants in water provid-
ed by public water systems. Food
and Drug Administration regulations
establish limits for contaminants in
bottled water which must provide the
same protection for public health.
General information
Page 2 Consumer Confidence Report
the physical, chemical and biological
contaminants to make the water safe
for drinking. The New River was
determined to be of high susceptibil-
ity to contamination using criteria
developed by the State in its USEPA
approved Source Water Assessment
Program.
The assessment report consists of
maps showing the source water
assessment area, an inventory of
known land use activities of concern,
and documentation of any known
contamination within the last five
years from the date of the assess-
ment. Treatment plants are operated
to minimize threats associated with
potential contamination of these water
sources. Treatment of the groundwa-
ter sources at the PSA's wells consist
of the addition of chlorine to disin-
fect the water.
Chlorine residuals and turbidities are
checked on a daily basis at the wells
and throughout all the individual
distribution systems. Water storage
tanks are checked at least two times
weekly. Source water assessments
have been completed for the PSA’s
groundwater supplied systems: Riner
and Woodview.
These wells have a high susceptibility
to contamination due to migration of
contaminants with land use activities
of concern, potential conduits to
groundwater and/or potential
sources of contamination in the as-
sessment areas.
There has been no known contami-
nation of these sources within the
last five years. Source water assess-
ments are available to view upon
The nine water systems operated by
the Public Service Authority include
both surface water and groundwater
sources. Four are supplied by the
NRV Regional Water Authority; Prices
Fork/Merrimac, Belview, Jennelle
Road, Christiansburg to Elliston and
Mudpike Road. Two are supplied by
the City of Radford: Plum Creek and
Bethel. Two are supplied by wells
operated by the PSA: Riner and
Woodview. The New River is the
surface water source supplying the
systems connected to NRV Regional
Water Authority and The City of Rad-
ford. The raw water goes to either
the NRV Regional Water Authority
Treatment Plant or The City of Rad-
ford Water Treatment Plant. Treat-
ment consists of chemical addition,
coagulation, flocculation, settling,
filtration and disinfection. All these
processes work together to remove
Sources and treatment of your drinking water
Page 3
Contaminants in your drinking water are routinely monitored according to Federal and State regulations. The table on the following
page shows the results of our monitoring for the period of January 1 to December 31, 2016. Any contaminants not listed in the table
were not detected in your drinking water.
PSA water is routinely monitored for up to 76 regulated, 48 unregulated, and many non-regulated contaminants. The Virginia De-
partment of Health allows us to monitor for some contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contami-
nants do not change frequently. Some of our data presented in the following table may be more than one year old.
In the table and elsewhere in this report, you will find many terms and abbreviations with which you might not be familiar.
The following definitions are provided to help you better understand these terms.
Quality on Tap
ppm
mg/l
parts per million
milligrams per liter
One part per million corresponds to one minute in two years, or a single penny in
$10,000.00.
ppb
μg/l
parts per billion
micrograms per liter
One part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years, or a single penny in
$10,000,000.00
MCLG Maximum Contaminant
Level Goal
the level of contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MCLG's allow for a margin of safety.
MCL Maximum Contaminant
Level
the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCL's are set as
close to the MCLG's as feasible using the best available treatment technology.
AL Action Level the concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other
requirements which a water system must follow
pCi/L Picocuries per liter a measure of the radioactivity in water
N/A Not Applicable abbreviation used in the "range" section
mrem/yr millirems per year a measure of radiation absorbed by the body
MRDLG Maximum Residual
Disinfectant Level Goal
the level of drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected
risk to health. MRDLG’s do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to
control microbial contaminants.
MRDL Maximum Residual
Disinfectant Level
the highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing
evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.
TT Treatment Technique a required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity
Unit
a measure of the clarity of water. Turbidity in excess of 5 NTU is just noticeable to
the average person.
ND Not Detected
Level 1 Assessment
Lab analysis indicates that the contaminant is not present or is below detection limit
A study of water system to identify potential problems and determine (if possible)
why total coliform bacteria have been found.
Additional health information
If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in
drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. The Montgomery
County Public Service Authority is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials
used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead expo-
sure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to two minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead
in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can
take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Water Drinking Hotline (800-426-4791) or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/
lead.
Drinking water levels
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sets MCL’s at very stringent levels. In developing these standards, USEPA assumes
that the average adult drinks two liters of water each day throughout a 70-year lifespan. USEPA generally sets MCL’s at levels that
will result in no adverse health affects for some contaminants or a one-in-one million chance of having the described health effect
for other contaminants.
Christiansburg to Elliston
2016 water quality results of regulated contaminants
In the distribution system
Microbiological contaminants present
CONTAMINANT LEVEL IN DATE OF TYPICAL SOURCE
(units) MCLG MCL DETECTED RANGE COMPLIANCE SAMPLE OF CONTAMINANT
TOTAL ORGANIC N/A TT, in
CARBON REMOVAL compliance 1.0 N/A YES 2016 Naturally present in the
RATIO if > 1.0 environment
TURBIDITY (NTU) N/A TT, 1 NTU 0.09 0.02 to 0.09 YES 2016 Soil runoff
max TT, < 0.3
(95% of the time) 100%
Inorganic contaminants present
CONTAMINANT LEVEL IN DATE OF TYPICAL SOURCE
(units) MCLG MCL DETECTED RANGE COMPLIANCE SAMPLE OF CONTAMINATION
FLUORIDE (ppm) 4 4 0.65 N/0A YES 2015 Erosion of natural deposits, water
additive which promotes strong
teeth
NITRATE/NITRITE 10 10 0.56 N/A YES 2016 Runoff from fertilizer use, leaching
(ppm) from septic tanks, sewage, erosion
of natural deposits
BARIUM (ppm) 2 2 0.024 N/A YES 2016 Discharge of drilling wastes,
discharge from metal refineries,
erosion of natural deposits
Volatile organic contaminants present
CONTAMINANT LEVEL IN DATE OF TYPICAL SOURCE
(units) MCLG MCL DETECTED RANGE COMPLIANCE SAMPLE OF CONTAMINATION
CHLORINE (ppm) MRDLG=4 MRDLG=4 1.94 0.7 to 2.9 YES 2016 Water additive used to control
microbes
HALOACETIC ACID N/A 60 40 15 to 63 YES 2016 By-product of drinking water
(ppb) disinfection
TOTAL TRIHALO- N/A 80 39 19 to 57 YES 2016 By-product of drinking water
METHANES (ppb) disinfection
At the customer tap
Inorganic contaminants present
CONTAMINANT ACTION 90TH # SITES IN DATE OF TYPICAL SOURCE
(units) MCLG LEVEL PERCENTILE EXCEEDING AL COMPLIANCE SAMPLE OF CONTAMINATION
LEAD (ppb) 0 15 1.6 1 YES 2014 Corrosion of household plumbing
COPPER (ppm) 1.3 1.3 0.047 0 YES 2014 Corrosion of household plumbing
Level 1 Assessment Information
Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, waterborne
pathogens may be present or that any potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We
found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct
assessments to identify problems and to correct any problems that are found.
During the past year, we were required to conduct one Level 1 assessments. One Level 1 assessment was completed. In addition, we were required
to take one corrective action, and we completed the corrective action.
VIOLATION INFORMATION
There were no violations during 2016.
ADDITIONAL MONITORING OF YOUR WATER
In 2016, the NRV Regional Water Authority began monitoring for Cryptosporidium in the source water (before treatment)
as required by EPA’s Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR). Cryptosporidium is a micro-
scopic parasite found in surface water throughout the United States. Ingestion of Cryptosporidium may cause cryptosporidi-
osis, an abdominal infection. Although filtration removes Cryptosporidium, the most commonly used filtration methods can-
not guarantee 100 perfect removal. Under the LT2ESWTR, the average Cryptosporidium concentration determines if addi-
tional treatment measures are needed. Twenty-four samples are required over a two-year period. During 2016, the average
Cryptosporidium concentration was 0.0 oocysts per liter for the three samples collected. Based on the Cryptosporidium mon-
itoring results so far and the current performance of the treatment plant, we anticipate meeting the future treatment require-
ments of the LT2ESWTR.